Demography is an applied science helping the cause not only of the scholars, specialists, planners, administrators and teachers but also of the student community in all walks of life. It provides the inspiring call for the laymen. In spite of the torrential flow of the literature in this sphere in the Sixties and Seventies, the genuine need of an authoritative reference cum text book was long felt. The book 'Principles of Demography' tries to fill this gap. It explains the theory and development of the subject it provides a world wide survey of demographic trends, elaborates the analytical dimensions e.g. Women Liberation. Educational costs and wastages cost of child approach, women work-participation and motivational aspects.

The book devotes intensively to determinants of human fertility, mortality, migration nupitality and natility in wider global perspective. The studies on global labour reserves, labour marketing. Chinese and Indian migrants and brain drain issues are of great interest.

It subscribes highly to technicalities in Indian Demography with adequate support of current data and explains the indicators as well as demographic inter-relationships identified so far. The rare segment of contributions by this book includes global research dimensions, indepth analysis of demographic research in India and demographic future of mankind all ahead. The book firmly owns its style of presentation and a very cogent reading.

An individual's self-conception as being male or female, as distinguished from actual biological sex. For most persons, gender identity and biological sex. For most persons, gender identity and biological characteristics are the same. There are, however, circumstances in which an individual experiences little or no connection between sex and gender, in trans-sexualism, for example, biological sexual characteristics and distinct and unambiguous, but the affected person believes that he or she is-or ought to be-of the opposite sex. Gender identity is not fixed at birth; both physiologic and social factors contribute to the early establishment of a core identity, which is modified and expanded by social factors as the child matures.

The women's movement questioned certain social institutions and traditional values, basing many of its arguments on scientific studies suggesting that most supposed differences between men and women result not from biology but from culture. Many women objected that the English language itself, by reflecting traditional male dominance in its word forms, perpetuated the problem. Successful efforts to reform the language included the introduction of the title Ms. As an alternative to Miss or Mrs; the substitution of gender-neutral for gender-based terms, such as firefighter for fireman and flight attendant for stewardess; and the avoidance of the male pronoun he (for example, by the use of a phrase such as he or she) when referring to persons who may be either male or female. The women's movement also sought to foster changes in male-female relationships within the family, including the sharing of domestic roles and the avoidance of gender stereotyping in children's toys and books, television programs, and other media. An increasing number of women chose to use their maiden name after marriage, either in place of, or in conjunction with, their husband's name. Much attention was given to consciousness raising to make women aware of their shared abilities, experiences, and problems.

In India, with the help of NGOs efforts are being made in terms of Gender equality and women empowerment by forming the Women SHGs. The book is based on this effort and hope that it will be liked by all those working for the welfare and development of women.

Population, term refers to the total human inhabitants of a specified area, such as a city, country, or continent, at a given time. Population study as a discipline is known as demography. It is concerned with the size, composition, and distribution of populations; their patterns of change over time through births, deaths, and migration, and the determinants and consequences of such changes. Population studies yield knowledge important for planning, particularly by governments, in fields such as health, education, housing, social security, employment, and environmental preservation. Such studies also provide information needed to formulate government population policies, which seek to modify demographic trends in order to achieve economic and social objectives.

The true problems of living-in politics, economics, education, marriage, etc.-are always problems of overcoming or reconciling opposites. They are divergent problems and have no solution in the ordinary sense of the word. They demand of man not merely the employment of his reasoning powers but the commitment of his whole personality.

All social and political problems are interwoven-that energy, for example, affects economics, which in turn affects health, which in turn affects education, work, family life, and a thousand other things. The attempt to deal with neatly defined problems in isolation from one another creates only confusion and disaster.

Social Science is the study of human society and of individual relationships with it. Often these studies are referred to in the plural as the Social Sciences, including geography, history, government, and sociology, taught at various levels from school to college to university and to specialized research institutions. This "International Encyclopedia of Social Science" has been formulated as per the educational goals of Social Studies in India and abroad. It includes subject areas, such as: Anthropology and Archaeology: Area Studies; Business and management; Communications; Disability Studies; Economics; Education; Environmental Studies; ethnic Studies; Futures Studies; Gender Studies; Genealogy; Geography; Gerontology; History; Humanities; Law; Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans-gendered Studies; Library and Information Science; Linguistics and Human Languages; Migration and Ethnic Relations; Organizational Studies; Peace and Conflict Studies; Philosophy; Political Science; Cultural Studies; Psychology; Recreation and Leisure Studies; Research Tools and Methods; Rural Development; Science; Technology, and Society Studies; Sexology; Social Engineering; Social Policy; Social Research; Social Welfare; Social work; Sociology; Statistics; Urban Studies; Women's Studies; etc.

The "International Encyclopedia of Social Science" contains entries varying from definition of key terms and biography of key theorist to surveys of leading concepts, debates, themes and schools. This unique multi-volume reference Encyclopedia offers readers a similar education as that of social science researchers. It has been compiled in a way so that it remains easily accessible to general readers. Most entries do not require any advanced knowledge to understand the purposes of each selected entry.

The Encyclopedia has been authored by leading specialists in the field under the direction of a select editorial team. It is well referenced and the bibliography is provided in detail. There is an exhaustive index at the end. This "International Encyclopedia of Social Science" will be valuable to readers and researchers in Social Science and humanities at all academic levels. As a teaching resource it will be useful to both instructors and students alike and will become a potent reference source. It will form an essential publication worth keeping for general and academic collections, especially in libraries of all types. The board of editors has therefore worked to produce this "International Encyclopedia of Social Science" Just like a user-friendly reference book for students and researchers in Social Sciences and humanities. It is hoped that the major users of this work will be students, facility, and researchers in academic, special, and large public libraries.