Despite the potential plenty, rich mineral deposits, fertile alluvial soil and plentiful ground water, and unrivalled potential for fast economic growth, Bihar is a typical example of backward political economy. The transformation of caste from a sociological category to a form of political expression constitutes a significant development in Bihar. A semi-feudal society like Bihar gives rise to ruthless oppression, violent revolts and resistance. Bihar has a long history of violence. But the interclass violence that goes on unabated in rural Bihar has become an issue that attained national impatience. The brutal and heinous massacre of the poor people in Bihar villages has shocked the conscience of the nation. The exploited labouring claws have begun to organize themselves against the landed gentry. Equipped with new class consciousness the weaker sections organized by the radical leftist groups began to strike back. The land owning class has organized private armies called "Senas" on caste lines to protect their class interests and terrorise the agitating poor. The conflict between the antagonistic classes led to several violent clashes in which several people on both sides lost their lives. This economic division also has a caste dimension and accounts for the large-scale killings that seem to take place routinely. In the semi-feudal, caste-ridden agrarian context, the emergence of the radical leftist movements and the caste based landlord senas in Bihar calls for an indepth study and understanding. It is crucial that we examine the conflict between the two sections of the rural society in the background of the rural agrarian political economy. The book will be an interesting study for the political scientists, economists, sociologists, historians and general readers as well.

The treatise in two volumes exposes the inter-woven thread-work of developmental processes in the planned economic growth of Indian economy and problems of planning analyses the step to step strategy in developmental planning and our macro-economic management. The precise impediments of developmental planning ascribed to 'imperfections of free market mechanism' and inadequacies of policy-instruments' are appropriately inter-related with the convincing logic of regionalization. The deep penetration in to the casual factors of regional disparities angles of approaches, inter-strata growth differentials, analysis of hardened production-relations as linked with sluggish economic dynamism of entrepreneurial class, and extended discussions on the methodology of scaling the impact of regional policies in economic planning is the rare bit of humble contributions of this treatise. It lucidly explains the nature and intricacies of Overall Indian challenge of Backward Area Development. The book attempts to sort-out the strange riddle of retardation of the economy of vast and populous state like Uttar Pradesh and to reveal the current trends of growth in the state and highlight the prominent dimensions of change. Book constitutes an original source-material and presents data not available so far. Analysing the spatial aspects of developmental coverage, the write-up identifies the main challenges of economic growth in regions and sub-regions of U.P. especially on the industrial front and farm-based dimensions. Most novel contributions of this book relate to the multiphased analysis of resource-base, demography, drudgery and migration, socio-economic class-structure, mechanism of interlocked stratification systems and institutional hurdles of development in far-flung, secluded and socially as well as economically most lagging region 'U.P. Himalaya'. This contribution endeavours to expose the inner layer of operational aspects of Rural Development in India and explains its role in promoting private investment, growth of income, generation of employment and introduction of the wave of technical change in the rural areas. Narratives in successes and betrayals in rural development are of great interest. The book formulates an inter-temporal measurement of economic change under the regime of planned economic development.

This book serves as a kit of equipments and designed to function as a reference, text, a handbook and as a research tool for analysts. It focuses on the rate theoretical and philosophical perspective, of research methods and painfully deletes the mathematical and statistical wings of the subject. With extended margins, the book contributes in sphere of identifying research concepts, designing stages and lay-out, fact-filtering process, ascertainment of precision, depth, exposure to risks in amplification, constraints in consistent projection etc. Celebrated controversies on empiricism positivism, value-judgements, paradigm ranges, logical coherence, roles of persuasive penetrators, like motives, orientations and directives etc. in policy-making, interplay between realm of realism and domain of values, epistemological orbits tests of methodological strength, amplification controls, within the chest of logic are the central themes contained herein. Towards the arcades, the book attempts an excellent application in theory-building, environmental cost-accounting, factor-use analysis, project evaluation, and concurrent assessments. It's a novel collection of valuable and provoking research material, apparatus and methodology for social sciences. Embarking upon a programme of research with elevated spirits of adventure, the reader is likely to be amply rewarded by this book in his noble mission to learn, apply, and evolve scientific knowledge building.

The book presents very fresh and vibrating data to establish the proposed hypotheses on the vital roles of social determinants of economic growth. It offers a highly documented analysis of facts collected from field and palpitating with life. The publication has been brought out to commemorate birth centenary year (April 14, 1990 to April 14, 1991) of the great jurist, statesman, social reformer and architect of Indian Constitution. Its central theme rotates round the policy-issues in priority-based social engineering specially the programming for amelioration in the state and status of lagging and socially as well as economically downtrodden strata of Indian society. The text-material exhibits interesting empirical evidences from tradition based and poverty-ridden society. The approach, logic and filtration process of conclusions is scientific and methodical. The book analyses levels of cultural heritage, development of human and supporting resources, physical resource constraints, inter-group social inter-action, participatory flows in work, earnings, saving and investment propensities, challenge and response patterns, orientation for searching opportunities, aspirational dimensions etc. in the continued lively discussion. The discussion weaves with the thread-work of logic so as to make the clues more prominent suggesting fundamental policy-correctives. The material is highly revealing to inquisitive minds who seek to discover determinants of silent transition to the state of self-propelled growth of, so far, vast vulnerable strata of population in chronic poverty ridden economies. The core part of this study covers analysis of animators of 'change' in attitudes, equipment and apparatus, ascending status and social recognition, will to achieve, ability to perform and other changing modes of sociospheric interaction.