The spatial analysis of political phenomena is a fascinating ground in which the geographers have been contributing significantly. In this branch of the discipline, the geographers explore the relationship between abstract political entities and the land itself. On the topics like nature of decision-making in urban areas, public policy and resource development are the meat and drink of political geographers, and they are exploring this field vigorously.
The book contains eleven outstanding papers pertaining to the field of Political Geography. The paper on ‘Political Patterns’ gives a concise account of how the territory is organized in different geo-territory is organized in different geo-climatic environments. The second paper deals with methodology and approaches of political geography. Geopolitics and Geography of Imperialism have been examined in the fourth and fifth chapters, while the next chapter covers the interesting topic of international boundaries. The Political Geography and Localities and aspects of Electoral Geography have been discussed in the subsequent chapters. The last papers examine the Individual Action and Political power and the Grass Root Action.

This book provides the basis of geopolitics and vividly explains the concepts, philosophy and methodologies of political geography. It has immense utility not only for those who are interested in the relationship of political entities and the land but also indispensable for the social scientists and decision makers about the resources at the macro and micro levels.

Regional Geography deals with the analysis of aril differentiation, and been considered a sine guenon of the discipline. The approaches of regional geography, its concepts and philosophy have undergone substantial transformation, especially after the Second World War. Although a lot of literature and research papers have been contributed about region, regionalism, and regionalization, only twelve papers have been selected and compiled in the present book.
Being accepted as one of the principal forms of geographical study, the definition and scope of regional geography has been given in the first paper. The main characteristics, elements and methodologies have been examined in the second paper. German scholars contributed appreciably in this sub-division of the discipline and therefore their main contribution has been reviewed under the heading of ‘Regional Geography in Germany’. The next five chapters explain the concepts of Spatial Organization, Regional and World Images, Micro-Space, Spatial Information, and an Overview of Spatial Differentiation. Articles ten and eleven analyses the influence of physical features on man and the regional geography of rivers. The last paper on ‘Society and State in Relation to the Land’ is also unique in its content, approach and analysis.
Designed and compiled to present in brief the changing methodology and emphasis of Regional Geography, the book may serve as a base book for the teachers, researchers and students alike and may guide the planners and decision makers who are interested in designing judicious policies for the well being of mankind and for keeping the regional and world environment in a clean and healthy condition.

The dichotomy of Physical Geography vs. Human Geography has its origin in the classical period. The internal logic of geographical study has tended to split the field into two parts: geography of the physical world i.e. physical geography, and geography of the man-made world, termed ‘human geography’. Human Geography as a major sub-discipline of geography originated in the later parts of geography originated in the later parts of the 19th Century. It covers the major areas of man-made landscape including economic geography, social geography, and political geography.
In the present book seventeen research papers have been arranged in such a way so that the conceptual background, scope and limitations of the discipline may be clearly understood. The first part of the book contains articles on the nature and scope of Human Geography and the approaches and methodology of the discipline. The physical characteristics of different races and the issues of conservation of environment have been compiled in the second part. The last part embodies the papers on life in the plains, steppes, deserts, and inlands.
Covering a vas canvas of the discipline this book gives a wider perception of man and environment and their changing relationship which are so dear to geographers in general and to the human, social, cultural, population and economic geographers in particular. Social scientists will find this book of great interest, which shall help them further to understand the man and environment relationship.

Social Geography—has mainly developed after the Second World War, but it received a major impetus in the early and mid-1960s with the application of new techniques in geography. The social geographers are increasingly interested in patterns, as these enable them to build up his picture of the world and to compare and contrast differences from place to place.
The present book ‘Social Geography’ consists of sixteen leading articles, covering the areas from theoretical to empirical studies. The sequential order of the papers is, Social Geography—A Group Approach, the Dynamics of Human Appearance, Research in Social Geography, A Model of Society, Diffusion and Convergence, Incorporation Theory, and Reproduction of Community fabric, the Social Dimension of Modern Urbanism, Ethnic Geography,’ Interpretive Social Research Geography, Feminism as Geographical Analysis, Growth and Development of Social Geographical Research in some of the developed and developing countries, and Feminist Research in Geography.
In all these papers, it has been stressed that social geography is characterized by theoretical or conceptual eclecticism. The main objective has been to enhance explanatory power with a resultant diminution of a geographical dimension. It is hoped that the topics, which cover the conceptual background of social geography and the case studies from the developed and the developing countries, shall be of immense interest for those who are interested in the spatial patterns of societies.