Soon after the discovery of X-rays and radio activity a sizable number of workers started using ionizing radiations. Their number increased manifold after the start of nuclear energy programmers in different countries. Hundreds of thousands of woks have been associated with this programme directly while millions of people in a number of countries have been affected in some way or the other by nuclear radiations.
A large amount of information on the radiation effects has become available from the use of X-rays and radium sources in radiology and cancer therapy, from victims of atomic blasts accidents at nuclear energy installations, and general population exposed to atmospheric tests conducted by the major and less major powers.

Some important laws on nuclear issues are given in this book. Major among these are: Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (1986); Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (1986); Status of Convention on Early Notifications of Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (1963); Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1993); Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy etc

In the broadest sense, there are two types of ecosystems—aquatic and terrestrial. We can distinguish freshwater, estuarine and marine aquatic ecosystems and several major types of ecosystems such as grassland, forest and desert. Although these all ecosystems have a more or less similar fundamental plan of their gross structure and function, they differ in respect of their species composition and rates of composition.

This book encompasses a number of vital issues on the subject. A veritable mine of information, the contents viz. Evolutionary ecosystem; concepts of ecology; ecosystem ecology; community ecology; major ecosystems of the world; Marine ecosystems; geographical ecosystems etc. will equip the readers with latest and up-to-date knowledge in the field

Due to oil exploration and transportation garbage dumping and other commercial activities on seashore marine ecology is in dwindling stage. To protect marine ecology many laws are enacted.

This book presents original text of some of the major laws. Oslo Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft (1972); Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972); Convention on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (1973); Helsinki Convention on the Protection of Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1974); Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution; Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution; Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage Resulting from Exploration for and Exploration of Seabed Mineral Resources (1977); UNCLOS III Settlement of Disputes and Advisory Opinions (1982); Montreal Guidelines in the Protection of Marine Environment (1985); Male Declaration on Global Warming and Sea Level Rise (1989); International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (1990) etc. will benefit the readers

Marine ecology is concerned with environmental factors and problems of organic adjustments quite different from those in fresh water. Strictly speaking marine pollution may also be of natural origin. For example, it may be caused by underwater gas and oil eruptions, or by the intensive growth and subsequent death of certain micro-organisms, which are responsible for the familiar disastrous red tides.
Marine ecology and pollution can be studied under three principal categories; Biochemistry of pollutions; marine ecotoxicology; and biological principles of antipollution measures.
Nature of oceanic life; Marine ecology and oceanographic environment; Concepts in marine pollution; Marine pollutants and their sources; The effects of marine pollution; Marine oil pollution; Protection of Mediterranean Sea against pollution etc. are categorically discussed in this book. The rich contents will equip the readers concerned with up-to-date knowledge in the field.