This multi-volumes encyclopaedia is a pioneering attempt to cover an in-depth and comprehensive information of life, philosophy and interpretation of eminent philosophers of the world since earliest time to present day. Philosophy has traditionally been the keenest critics of their own discipline. Hence, the idea of bringing out this Encyclopaedia for the first time is undoubtedly the noble endeavour of the editors which is timely and worth consideration. Here, we have sought to represent philosophers from the world over in the light of the different criteria which apply to different countries at different times. The present encyclopaedia is intended to include all important philosophers of east and west as well as many of the points of contact between their philosophy and other disciplines. This Encyclopaedia contains nearly 5,000 articles of ample length which can be of value to the specialist, while most of them are sufficiently explicit to be read with pleasure and profit by the intelligent non-specialist.

Throughout we have aimed at presentations which are authoritative, clear, comprehensive and interesting. Radical philosophers or thinkers are given their full due and most of the controversial issues are discussed at a great length. Many articles embody original research and in some instances treat topics which have not previously been the subject of scholarly investigations. Nothing can make philosophy into an easy subject, but by taking great pains, it is possible to offer a lucid presentation despite of extremely difficult and abstruse philosophical theories.

In first ten volumes of this encyclopaedia, we have widely discussed life, works and interpretations of three great ancient philosophers-Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

An authentic, outstanding and wide informative multi-volume Encyclopaedia of the World Philosophers, is compiled, edited and arranged in consultation with reputed scholars.

Encyclopaedia of Jainism is compiled, edited and arranged in alphabetical order by a renowned Orientalist who has recreated with all the splendour and mystery of its oriental background. This pioneering encyclopaedia includes all important aspects of Jainism from the earliest time to present day. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned Jaina scholars, philosophers, historians, sociologists of the world dealing with various aspects of Jainism: Historical evolution of Jainism, Jain religio-philosophical tradition, tradition of Tirthankaras, monks, nuns and Shravakas, myths and legends, ethics and values, social system, political philosophy, psychology, philosophy, religion, socioeconomic aspects, cosmology, ethics, mythology, non-violence, symbolism, art and architecture, ascetic practices of purification, language and literature-canonical and non-canonical, metaphysics and physics, building architecture, epigraphy and inscriptions, archeology, antiquities and monuments, fasts and festivals, rites and rituals, tantricism, sacred Jaina centres, Tirthankaras's life and teachings, biography of Jaina philosophers, monks and nuns, cosmic spirit, social, political, economic and cultural geography, eschatological concept, chronology and history, comparative studies of Jainism with other world Religions, solution of environmental crisis and peaceful coexistence of human being from the vast range of research journals, magazines, seminars, conferences and congress papers, dissertation notes, readers and other valuable but scattered sources.

The present book is aimed at critically analyzing the Vedic medicine in all spheres of life. With an introduction to the history of Indian medicine, the subject matter is systematically organized in seven chapters. Medical heritage of ancient India, details about sciences in the Vedas and origin of Vedic Medicine are elaborately discussed in chapter second to fourth. Concepts of universe which influenced the ancient ideas about body functions are given in chapter five. In the sixth chapter the lore of pneuma, vata, wind airs or breath which dates back to early Vedic times has been discussed. The last chapter deals with Western school of thought about Indian medicine.

This book will prove informative and useful to experts in the field and laymen as well.

The fundamental of Sufism is God Man and the relation between them, which is Love. The whole Sufi theosophy revolves on these three pivots.

The present book on Sufism: Evolution and Practice is a collection of thought provoking articles by eminent scholars. Major topics dealt are: Sufism: Its Evolution and Practice; The Nature and Meaning of Tawakkul in Sufism; Foreign Terms in Sufism: A Suvey of Chinese Influences; Coctrine of Sluk: Its Chinese Origins; Sufi Orders in Islamic Religion and Society; Sufi Interpretation of the Qur'an: Al-Ghazali as a Proponent; Tasawwul : Its Doctriine and Practice; Developments in Sufism in Safavid Persia; Sufism and the Concept of Knowledge etc.

Students, scholars and academics in the field of comparative religion, philosophy, history and culture will find this volume most useful and informative.