The U.S. launched a missile attack aimed at Iraq's intelligence headquarters in Baghdad June 26, 1993. The U.S. justified the attack by citing evidence that Iraq had sponsored a plot to kill former President George Bush during his visit to Kuwait in April 1993. In August 1995, two of Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law, who held high positions in the Iraq military, defected to Jordan, both were killed after returning to Iraq in Feb. 1996. After fighting between two Kurdish factions (one allied with Iraq, the other with Iran) erupted in the protected zone of northern Iraq, the Baghdad government intervened in the conflict by sending troops into Arbii, August 31, 1996. The U.S. retaliated with missile strikes against air defense sites in the south. On December 9 the UN allowed Baghdad to begin selling limited amounts of oil for food and medicine. Saddam Hussein's son Odal was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in Baghdad December 12. Tensions were heightened in November 1997 as Iraq refused to allow inspections of possible weapons sites by a UN team containing U.S. members. The recent war in Iraq started by America in collaboration with U.K. was expected to be a third world war. Because it started in third week of third month of 2003. But after 4th week it ended with the end of Saddam regime. However, some new world order formed with this war has been explained in this book in detail.

The book has been written with the intention to acquaint the students and the researchers of international studies discipline about the politics in Third World Countries at International focus. The post-war political phenomena have shaped the nature of international relations to the extent that it has emerged as an irrefutable fact on the politico-security and socio-economic scenario of the international politics. The analysis of foreign policy of a country is based on its historical evolution, economic compulsions and strategies, and its geo-political situation in the World Political System. Political leaders of the Third World have expressed views on the models of development and pursued the policies of building a relatively self-reliant capitalism and a foreign policy of non-alignment. Exercise of conscious choices and well thought-out options by the Third World Countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, so that they may secure freedom, peace and economic development. The students need to know the emergence of third force as non-alignment in international polities. The newly liberated countries refused to be puppet or client states of their former masters. Anti-imperialism is an important pillar of the Third World, need to be alert and to suitably counter the 'destabilizing' activities of the imperialists. The imperialist countries evolved a strategy of military alliances with the Third World Countries. In brief, Third World was boon in the context of cold war in international politics. The elucidation of the Writer's perspective is to explain major aspect of the Third World Countries is alignment with one of the two blocs might enlarge the scope of activities of the great powers and that might have ultimately jeopardized their own interest to put emphases on, their international economic development and harnessing their resources. It is obvious in this book in every succeeding chapters.

Society enables man to achieve talents and qualities by virtue of which he can make progress and achieve superiority over other living beings. Civics helps to resolve social conflicts in society and help man to live in harmony with other fellow beings. However, the word Civics is derived from the Latin word 'civis' that means 'a citizen'. Another Latin word 'Civitas' means 'city state' Both these worlds have given birth to the social science known as 'Civis'. In fact, civis is actually the social science; however in certain respects it forms a part of political science. Civics is an old subject and previously it was taught along with history and political science. It was introduced as separate subject only in the nineteenth century. Thus, Civis is that branch of human knowledge which deals with rights and duties of man living as a member of a group pf people politically organized. Whereas the subject which deals with man in relation to the state and government is known as political science. Political science is a branch of study which is concerned with political aspect of man's life in society as distinct from the economic, philosophical, ethical and other aspects. This encyclopaedic work contains highly useful information on diverse core issues of Civics and Political Science with special emphasis on teaching aspect of the subject. Researchers, teachers and students will be immensely benefited by this.

An account of the rise and growth of our nationalism looks like a bold and cogent refutation of the arguments of the makers and defenders of British colonial rule who contended with all power of rhetoric at their command that there never was, nor could there ever be, a thing like India as a nation, or that the alien rule would lead to the emergence of nationalism in a backward country of the East. Obstinacy yielded place to sheer callousness and so they never liked to grasp the implications of this irrefutable rule of politics that a system of empire-building inevitably and irresistibly generates the sentiments and forces of nationalism. The birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885 demonstrated that the Indian national movement had taken an organised form and since then become the symbol as well as the instrument of, what the silver-tongued orator of India (Surendranath Banerjee) called, 'a nation in making'. The precursors and trend-setters of Indian nationalism regarded British imperialism as an ally, a boon, an ideal, even a divine dispensation. The well-intentioned English liberals also thought in terms of creating and developing Indian nationalism as a supportive and constructive force so as to give a humanized form to their system of colonialism. They set the trend of what came to be known a 'sane and constructive nationalism'. The nationalist leaders of the coming generation sought to prove themselves 'loyal' to this trend. However, the changed conditions of the present century forced them to revise their line of thought and action in response to the changed nature of the colonial rule. Thus, while the former declared their motto as 'reforms, not revolution', the latter raised the slogans of 'swaraj' and 'swadesh' and frankly advocated the ways of forceful demonstration and violent agitation. The freedom struggle underwent a fundamental change after the first Great War when Mahatma Gandhi emerged on the national scene like a peerless leader. In a very short time he converted the freedom struggle into a genuine mass movement. Not only that, he bracketed the case of the achievement of the end with the sanctity of the means to be adopted for that purpose. The use of the novel techniques of ahimsa and satyagraha imparted a new dimension to the struggle for nothing short of complete independence having no parallel in the history of any other country of the world. The leaders belonging to the Aligarh Movement adopted a different course that let to the making of the Muslim League which had its achievement in the unfortunate partition of the country. The Liberals, the Hindu Maha Sabha, the terrorists, and other leftist and regional organizations played their own part in the freedom struggle of India.